2. Epigenetics
  3. MicroRNA

MicroRNA

MicroRNA

Related Products

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a naturally occurring class of small (approximately 22 nucleotides long) non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression to control cellular processes, development, cell differentiation, and homeostasis. MicroRNAs are essential for embryo, cell, and tissue development, regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, hence their importance in human reproduction. Meanwhile, abnormal expression or function of miRNAs are found to be closely associated with the occurrence or development of various human diseases, including cancers. In light of their significant roles in physiology and pathology, miRNAs are emerging as novel biomolecular targets for chemical-biological studies, including regulation and detection.

Multiple steps are involved in the generation of miRNAs. Most miRNAs are produced by the canonical biogenesis pathway, which involves transcription by RNA polymerase II to make a primary transcript (pri-miRNA) and cleavage by the microprocessor complex to yield a hairpin precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) in the nucleus. The pre-miRNA is then exported into the cytoplasm, where cleavage by the enzyme Dicer creates a double-stranded RNA duplex. Only a single strand from the double-stranded RNA duplex forms the mature miRNA and is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which guides the binding of Argonaute (AGO) proteins in the RISC to the 3’untranslated region (UTR) to either repress protein translation or promote mRNA degradation. In addition to canonical miRNA biogenesis pathways, non-canonical microprocessor-independent or Dicer-independent miRNA biogenesis pathways also exist. Despite miRNAs being mostly involved in the down-regulation of gene expression, there are reports of miRNAs promoting gene expression. In addition, relationships between miRNAs and their targets are not always one-to-one in a specific cell type. In fact, a single miRNA may regulate many mRNA targets, and conversely, a single mRNA target also can be regulated by many miRNAs.

MicroRNA Related Products (4632):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity
  • HY-B0268A
    Enoxacin hydrate Activator 98.15%
    Enoxacin hydrate (Enoxacin sesquihydrate), a fluoroquinolone, interferes with DNA replication and inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (IC50=126 µg/ml) and topoisomerase IV (IC50=26.5 µg/ml). Enoxacin hydrate is a miRNA processing activator and enhances siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation and promotes the biogenesis of endogenous miRNAs. Enoxacin hydrate has potent activities against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Enoxacin hydrate is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNA-binding protein 2 (TRBP)-mediated microRNA processing[1][2][3][4].
  • HY-100574A
    Cl-amidine hydrochloride Activator
    Cl-amidine hydrochloride is an orally active peptidylarginine deminase (PAD) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.8 μM, 6.2 μM and 5.9 μM for PAD1, PAD3, and PAD4, respectively. Cl-amidine hydrochloride induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Cl-amidine hydrochloride induces microRNA (miR)-16 (miRNA-16, microRNA-16) expression and causes cell cycle arrest. Cl-Amidine hydrochloride prevents histone 3 citrullination and neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and improves survival in a murine sepsis model[1][2][3][4][5].
  • HY-116716
    PIN1 inhibitor API-1 Activator
    PIN1 inhibitor API-1 is a specific Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1) inhibitor (API-1) with an IC50 of 72.3 nM. PIN1 inhibitor API-1 directly and specifically binds to the Pin1 peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) domain and potently inhibits Pin1 cis-trans isomerizing activity. PIN1 inhibitor API-1 retains the active conformation of pXPO5 and restores the ability of pXPO5 to transport pre-miRNAs from nucleus to cytoplasm, thus up-regulating the anticancer miRNA biogenesis to suppress both in vitro and in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma development[1].
  • HY-122575
    Aurintricarboxylic acid Modulator
    Aurintricarboxylic acid is a nanomolar-potency, allosteric antagonist with selectivity towards αβ-methylene-ATP-sensitive P2X1Rs and P2X3Rs, with IC50s of 8.6 nM and 72.9 nM for rP2X1R and rP2X3R, respectively[1]. Aurintricarboxylic acid is a potent anti-influenza agent by directly inhibiting the neuraminidase[2]. Aurintricarboxylic acid is an inhibitor of topoisomerase II and apoptosis[3]. Aurintricarboxylic acid is a selective inhibitor of the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling pathway[4]. Aurintricarboxylic acid also acts as a cystathionine-lyase (CSE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 μM[5]. Aurintricarboxylic acid is a modifier of miRNAs that regulate miRNA function, with an IC50 of 0.47 µM[6].
  • HY-16560
    Camptothecin
    Camptothecin (CPT), a kind of alkaloid, is a DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor with an IC50 of 679 nM[1]. Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits powerful antineoplastic activity against colorectal, breast, lung and ovarian cancers, modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity by changing microRNAs (miRNA) expression patterns in human cancer cells[2][3].
  • HY-R04359
    rno-miR-337-3p mimic
    rno-miR-337-3p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-115581A
    Thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate tetrasodium Inhibitor
    Thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate (Deoxythymidine 3′,5′-diphosphate) tetrasodium is a selective inhibitor of staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 (SND1, the MicroRNA regulatory complex RISC subunit) and [3,5-2H2] tyrosyl nuclease. Thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate tetrasodium has anti-tumor activity and can also be used as a catalyst in biochemical reactions[1][2].
  • HY-R04485
    rno-miR-466c-5p mimic
    rno-miR-466c-5p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R01866
    hsa-miR-610 mimic
    hsa-miR-610 mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R02807
    mmu-miR-1a-2-5p mimic
    mmu-miR-1a-2-5p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R03013
    mmu-miR-3113-3p mimic
    mmu-miR-3113-3p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R01887
    hsa-miR-618 mimic
    hsa-miR-618 mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R02449
    hsa-miR-8057 mimic
    hsa-miR-8057 mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R03112
    mmu-miR-376c-5p mimic
    mmu-miR-376c-5p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R02379
    hsa-miR-7153-3p mimic
    hsa-miR-7153-3p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R00869
    hsa-miR-3912-3p mimic
    hsa-miR-3912-3p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R03273
    mmu-miR-5128 mimic
    mmu-miR-5128 mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R03612
    mmu-miR-6943-5p mimic
    mmu-miR-6943-5p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R01299
    hsa-miR-4712-3p mimic
    hsa-miR-4712-3p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.
  • HY-R01547
    hsa-miR-513c-5p mimic
    hsa-miR-513c-5p mimics are small, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNAs that mimic endogenous miRNAs and enable miRNA functional analysis by up-regulation of miRNA activity.