2. Autophagy
  3. Mitophagy

Mitophagy

Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy.

Mitochondria are essential organelles that regulate cellular energy homeostasis and cell death. The removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, a process called mitophagy, is thus critical for maintaining proper cellular functions. Indeed, mitophagy has been recently proposed to play critical roles in terminal differentiation of red blood cells, paternal mitochondrial degradation, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia or drug-induced tissue injury.

Autophagy and mitophagy are important cellular processes that are responsible for breaking down cellular contents, preserving energy and safeguarding against accumulation of damaged and aggregated biomolecules.

Mitophagy Related Products (238):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity
  • HY-15142
    Doxorubicin hydrochloride Activator
    Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride; ADR), a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic, is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin hydrochloride is a potent human DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitor with IC50s of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin hydrochloride induces apoptosis and autophagy[1][2][3].
  • HY-14648
    Dexamethasone Activator
    Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, apoptosis inducer, and common disease inducer in experimental animals, constructing models of muscle atrophy, hypertension, and depression. Dexamethasone can inhibit the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages and significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in neutrophils and monocytes. Dexamethasone also has potential for use in COVID-19 research[1][2][3][4].
  • HY-13629
    Etoposide Activator
    Etoposide (VP-16; VP-16-213) is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Etoposide inhibits topoisomerase II, thus stopping DNA replication. Etoposide induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy[1].
  • HY-10162
    Olaparib Activator 99.98%
    Olaparib (AZD2281; KU0059436) is a potent and orally active PARP inhibitor with IC50s of 5 and 1 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively. Olaparib is an autophagy and mitophagy activator[1][2][3][4].
  • HY-19312
    3-Methyladenine Inhibitor
    3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor. 3-Methyladenine is a widely used inhibitor of autophagy via its inhibitory effect on class III PI3K[1].
  • HY-13067G
    Celastrol (GMP) Activator
    Celastrol (GMP) (Tripterine (GMP)) is Celastrol (HY-10227) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Celastrol (Tripterine;Tripterin) is a proteasome inhibitor which potently and preferentially inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM. In addition, Celastrol is also an antibiotic with potent antimicrobial activity against standard and clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, inducing oxidative stress and inhibiting DNA synthesis by binding to P5CDH[1][2][3].
  • HY-B0144AR
    Pitavastatin (Standard) Activator
    Pitavastatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pitavastatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pitavastatin (NK-104) is a potent hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Pitavastatin inhibits cholesterol synthesis from acetic acid with an IC50 of 5.8 nM in HepG2 cells. Pitavastatin is an efficient hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor inducer. Pitavastatin also possesses anti-atherosclerotic, anti-asthmatic, anti-osteoarthritis, antineoplastic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and reno-protective effects[1][2][3][8].
  • HY-N0484R
    Liensinine (Standard) Inhibitor
    Liensinine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Liensinine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Liensinine is an autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor. Liensinine, a major isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-arrhythmias, anti-hypertension, anti-pulmonary fibrosis, relaxation on vascular smooth muscle, etc[1].
  • HY-W744739
    Betulinic acid-d3
    Betulinic acid-d3 (Lupatic acid-d3) is a deuterium labeled Betulinic acid (HY-10529). Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4].
  • HY-18085
    Quercetin Activator
    Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
  • HY-100587R
    D-Glutamine (Standard) Activator
    D-Glutamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Glutamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Glutamine is a cell-permeable D type stereoisomer of Glutamine.
  • HY-B1392S
    Esmolol-d7 hydrochloride Inhibitor
    Esmolol-d7 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Esmolol hydrochloride. Esmolol hydrochloride is a beta adrenergic receptor blocker[1][2].
  • HY-10529R
    Betulinic acid (Standard) Activator
    Betulinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Betulinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties[1][2][3][4].
  • HY-134640
    AUTAC4 Activator 98.73%
    AUTAC4 is a mitochondria-targeting autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC). AUTAC4 downregulates cytosolic proteins and promotes targeted mitochondrial turnover via mitophagy[1].
  • HY-18085R
    Quercetin (Standard) Activator
    Quercetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quercetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
  • HY-115576
    P62-mediated mitophagy inducer Activator
    P62-mediated mitophagy inducer (PMI) is a P62-mediated mitophagy activator. P62-mediated mitophagy inducer activates mitochondrial autophagy without recruitment of Parkin or collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and remains active in cells lacking a fully functional PINK1/Parkin pathway. P62-mediated mitophagy inducer serves as a pharmacological tool to study the molecular mechanisms of mitosis, avoiding toxicity and some of the non-specific effects associated with the sudden dissipation of mitochondria lacking membrane potential[1].
  • HY-10474R
    Torkinib (Standard) Activator
    Torkinib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Torkinib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Torkinib (PP 242) is a selective and ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM[1]. PP242 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2 with IC50s of 30 nM and 58 nM, respectively[2].
  • HY-14541S1
    Olanzapine-d4 Activator
    Olanzapine-d4 (LY170053-d4) is deuterium-labeled Olanzapine (HY-14541)[1].
  • HY-14590
    Kaempferol Activator 99.92%
    Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].
  • HY-14648S3
    Dexamethasone-4,6α,21,21-d4 Activator
    Dexamethasone-4,6α,21,21-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dexamethasone-4,6α,21,21. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.