2. Apoptosis
  3. TNF Receptor

TNF Receptor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a major mediator of apoptosis as well as inflammation and immunity, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of human diseases, including sepsis, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

TNF-α is a 17-kDa protein consisting of 157 amino acids that is a homotrimer in solution. In humans, the gene is mapped to chromosome 6. Its bioactivity is mainly regulated by soluble TNF-α–binding receptors. TNF-α is mainly produced by activated macrophages, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. Lower expression is known for a variety of other cells, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. In cells, TNF-α is synthesized as pro-TNF (26 kDa), which is membrane-bound and is released upon cleavage of its pro domain by TNF-converting enzyme (TACE).

Many of the TNF-induced cellular responses are mediated by either one of the two TNF receptors, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, both of which belong to the TNF receptor super-family. In response to TNF treatment, the transcription factor NF-κB and MAP kinases, including ERK, p38 and JNK, are activated in most types of cells and, in some cases, apoptosis or necrosis could also be induced. However, induction of apoptosis or necrosis is mainly achieved through TNFR1, which is also known as a death receptor. Activation of the NF-κB and MAPKs plays an important role in the induction of many cytokines and immune-regulatory proteins and is pivotal for many inflammatory responses.

TNF Receptor Related Products (637):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity
  • HY-N0182
    Fisetin Inhibitor
    Fisetin is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables with various benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotection effects.
  • HY-P9970
    Infliximab Inhibitor
    Infliximab (Avakine) is a chimeric monoclonal IgG1 antibody that specifically binds to TNF-α. Infliximab prevents the interaction of TNF-α with TNF-α receptor (TNFR1 and TNFR2). Infliximab has the potential for autoimmune, chronic inflammatory diseases and diabetic neuropathy research[1][2].
  • HY-11109
    Resatorvid Inhibitor 99.95%
    Resatorvid (TAK-242) is a selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor. Resatorvid inhibits NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production with IC50s of 1.8 nM, 1.9 nM and 1.3 nM, respectively. Resatorvid downregulates expression of TLR4 downstream signaling molecules MyD88 and TRIF. Resatorvid inhibits autophagy and plays pivotal role in various inflammatory diseases[1][2].
  • HY-P9908
    Adalimumab Inhibitor
    Adalimumab is a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody targeting tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α).
  • HY-N0822
    Shikonin Inhibitor 99.80%
    Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.5 μM[1]. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor[2] and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway[3]. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis[4]. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation[7].
  • HY-176234
    PDE4-IN-28 Inhibitor
    PDE4-IN-28 (Compound G1) is a PDE4D inhibitor (IC50: 29 nM). PDE4-IN-28 inhibits the production of TNF-α and NO (IC50: 13.32 and 2.32 μM, respectively). PDE4-IN-28 exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and analgesic effects in a rat pressure ulcer (PU) model and promotes HUVEC cell migration, thereby accelerating wound healing[1].
  • HY-143683S
    Theophylline-13C2,d6
    Theophylline-13C2,d6 (1,3-Dimethylxanthine-13C2,d6) is the deuterium labeled and 13C-labeled Theophylline (HY-B0809). Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5].
  • HY-P991473
    hCBE-11 Inhibitor
    hCBE-11 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting TNFRSF3. hCBE-11 can be used in solid tumors research. Recommended isotype control: Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99001)[1].
  • HY-P99565
    Tengonermin Inhibitor
    Tengonermin (ARENEGYR) is a vascular-targeting agent consisting of the human Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) conjugated with the CNGRCG peptide. Tengonermin increases penetration of intratumoral chemotherapy and T-cell infiltration by modifying the tumour microenvironment[1][2].
  • HY-139066
    Punicic acid Inhibitor
    Punicic acid is a bioactive compound of pomegranate seed oil. Punicic acid is an isomer of conjugated α-linolenic acid and ω-5 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Punicic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and can inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Punicic acid can also reduce the formation of β-amyloid deposits and hyperphosphorylation of tau by increasing the expression of GLUT4 protein and inhibiting the overactivation of calpain, and is used to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, punicic acid also has breast cancer inhibitor properties that depend on lipid peroxidation and PKC pathways[1][2][3][4].
  • HY-P991426
    MB-314 Activator
    MB-314 is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting Lewis Y. MB-314 induces enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. MB-314 increases the release of IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6. MB-314 can be used in cancer research[1].
  • HY-P990531
    Anti-TNFSF9/4-1BBL Antibody
    The Anti-TNFSF9/4-1BBL Antibody is a CHO-expressed humanized antibody that targets TNFSF9/4-1BBL. The Anti-TNFSF9/4-1BBL Antibody has huIgG1 heavy chain and huκ light chain, with a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 150 kDa. For isotype control of the Anti-TNFSF9/4-1BBL Antibody, you can refer to Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99001).
  • HY-N0136
    Taxifolin 99.92%
    Taxifolin ((+)-Dihydroquercetin) exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM[1]. Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity[2].
  • HY-160437
    TNF-α-IN-16 Inhibitor
    TNF-α-IN-16 is a potent TNFα inhibitor with an IC50 of <0.6 μM. TNF-α-IN-16 has antiinflammatory properties (WO2001072735A2; example 18)[1].
  • HY-W012732R
    Isoquinoline (Standard) Inhibitor
    Isoquinoline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoquinoline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoquinoline is an analog of pyridine. Isoquinoline structural-based alkaloids, such as tropoloisoquinoline, phthalideisoquinoline, and naphthylisoquinoline has anti-cancer activities[1].
  • HY-U00179
    CDC801 Inhibitor 98.94%
    CDC801 is a potent and orally active phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor with IC50 of 1.1 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively.
  • HY-N0368
    Linalool
    Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities[1][2][3][4][5].
  • HY-170492
    sEH inhibitor-19 Antagonist
    sEH inhibitor-19 (Compound (R)-14i) is an orally active inhibitor for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) with an IC50 of 1.2 nM. sEH inhibitor-19 inhibits the expression of TNF-α and IL-6, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in mouse acute pancreatitis or Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced edema models[1].
  • HY-N15307
    Trigraecum Inhibitor
    Trigraecum is a flavonoid compound found in Dracaena steudneri and Dalbergia cochinchinensis, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. It can inhibit the LPS (HY-D1056)-induced production of IL-1β, IL-2, GM-CSF, and TNF-α in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Trigraecum holds promise for research on inflammatory diseases[1].
  • HY-107909
    Theophylline sodium glycinate Inhibitor
    Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium glycinate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline sodium glycinate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline sodium glycinate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline sodium glycinate induces apoptosis. Theophylline sodium glycinate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research[1][2][3][4][5].